Regional distribution of DNA and RNA in rat brain: A sensitive determination using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

DNA and RNA contents in 20 brain regions or nuclei of the rat were determined by a highly sensitive method using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The high DNA and RNA contents were found in the hypothalamic nuclei, especially the median eminence-arcuate nucleus. These results may be available for the preparation of nucleic acids as the regional control.     

家兔面神经后核内侧区在呼吸节律起源中的作用

从腹侧面暴露家兔延髓,脑内微量注射1%普鲁卡因阻滞面神经后核内侧区(mNRF),全部动物(n=20)一次注射(0.3—1.0μl)后即能可逆地消除呼吸节律。区域对照显示此区非常局限,范围约1.0×1.0×1.0mm。组织学检查表明为面神经后核内侧区。本文分析了 mNRF的呼吸相关神经元(RRNs)的放电形式。在 mNRF 有较多的呼气(E)神经元和呼气-吸气跨时相(E-IPS)神经元。在阻滞 mNRF 引起呼吸停止期间,观察到低位延髓背侧呼吸群(DRG)和腹侧呼吸群(VRG)尾端区 RRNs 放电的节律性消失,表现连续放电或停止放电。电刺激DRG,VRG 尾端区,只能诱发短串的膈神经放电,而不能产生节律性发放。说明这些区域的RRNs 无自动节律性活动的能力。结果表明,面神经后核内侧区与呼吸节律发生有关,它可能是呼吸节律发生器的一个重要的所在部位。     

刺激大鼠下丘脑室旁核激活的中脑中央灰质神经元对躯体传入的反应

电刺激大鼠下丘脑室旁核(PVH),在同侧中脑中央灰质(CG)内寻找逆行及顺行反应单位,然后观察它们对躯体感觉刺激的反应。实验结果表明:CG 及邻近网状结构内有10%(32/318)的单位呈逆行反应。逆行传导速度平均为0.37±0.24m/s(均数±标准差);推测这种CG→PVH 投射纤维属于细有髓或无髓神经纤维。这些单位分布于 CG 的腹外侧及背外侧亚核。50%(14/28)的逆行单位对坐骨(胫)神经的强电刺激和夹尾等损伤性刺激起反应,但对触毛或低强度的神经干刺激无明显反应。以上结果表明:外周躯体感觉,特别是损伤性信息传入 PVH 时,CG 是其中枢驿站之一。电刺激 PVH 还能顺行激活7.55(24/318)、抑制0.7%(2/318)的 CG 单位。有69%(18/26)的顺行反应单位对外周躯体神经强电刺激及夹尾起反应。提示 PVH 可能通过影响 CG神经元的活动而参与中枢痛觉的整合。     

烟青虫人工饲料的研究

本文报道烟青虫Heliothis assulta的一种人工饲料,其主要成分是麦胚、酵母粉、番茄酱和辣椒粉.与自然食料相比,用这种人工饲料饲养的烟青虫生长快、发育整齐、存活率高,得到的蛹大,成虫繁殖力强.饲料中含0.1—0.2%的NaCI对幼虫的生长发育有促进作用.6龄幼虫对该饲料中干物质、能量和氮的同化效率分别是38.5%、43.9%和48.5%.在连续12代饲养期间,幼虫期存活率在57—92%之间,平均76%.     

荔枝蝽象卵寄生蜂——平腹小蜂体外培育研究

本文报道用人造寄主卵繁殖平腹小蜂Anastatus japonicus Ashmead^***成功的结果.筛选出最佳卵壳材料为32—36μm的聚丙烯膜,培养基为柞蚕蛹血淋巴44.4%、10%麦乳精33.3%、鸡蛋黄11.1%、尼氏盐11.1%.体外连代培养平腹小蜂的结果表明,除蛹化率(72—83%)外,各代间在寄生率(40—44%)、孵化率(94—96%)、羽化率(91—96%)、展翅率(97—99%)方面无明显的差别,且人造卵育出的各代蜂在身体大小、寿命及繁殖力方面均与柞蚕卵育出蜂基本相似或优于柞蚕卵育出蜂.筛选出的人工培养基的氨基酸种类与蓖麻蚕卵和柞蚕卵相同,但量上差异比较明显.本文还报道了平腹小蜂在人造寄主卵上的产卵过程.     

Transformation of Tetrahymena thermophila with hypermethylated rRNA genes.

The extrachromosomal rRNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila contain 0.4% N6-methyladenine. C3 strain rDNA was isolated, hypermethylated in vitro, and microinjected into B strain host cells. Clonal cell lines were established, and transformants were selected on the basis of resistance to paromomycin, conferred by the injected rDNA. The effects of methylation by three enzymes which methylate the sequence 5'-NAT-3', the dam, EcoRI, and ClaI methylases, were tested. Hypermethylation of the injected rDNA had no effect on transformation efficiency relative to mock-methylated controls. The injected C3 strain rDNA efficiently replaced host rDNA as the major constituent of the population of rDNA molecules. Hypermethylation of the injected DNA was not maintained through 20 to 25 cell generations.     

Effect of Inorganic Phosphate on the Biosynthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides in Suspension-Cultured Cells of Catharanthus roseus

The levels of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in suspensioncultures of Catharanthus roseus were determined 24 h after stationary-phasecells were transferred to fresh complete (‘+Pi’)or phosphate-deficient (‘–Pi’) Murashige-Skoogmedium. The levels of ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP were from approx.3 to 5-fold greater in the cells grown in ‘+Pi’medium than in the cells grown in ‘–Pi’ medium.The levels of almost all other nucleotides were slightly higherin the cells in ‘+Pi’ medium. The rates of de novoand salvage biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotideswere estimated from the rates of incorporation of radioactivityfrom [¹⁴C]formate, [2–¹⁴C]glycine, NaH¹⁴CO₃, [6–¹⁴C]orotate,[8–¹⁴C]adenine, [8–¹⁴C]adenosine, [2–¹⁴C]uraciland [2–¹⁴C]uridine. The results indicated that the activityof both the de novo and the salvage pathway was higher in thecells in ‘+Pi’ medium than in the cells in ‘–Pi’medium. The rate of degradation estimated from the rate of releaseof ¹⁴CO₂ from labelled purines and pyrimidines indicated thatdegradation of uridine was significantly reduced in the cellsin ‘+Pi’ medium, but no significant difference wasfound in the degradation of adenine, adenosine and uracil. Thepossible role of Pi in the control of the biosynthesis of nucleotidesand in the degradation of uridine is discussed. Catharanthus roseus, Madagascar periwinkle, suspension culture, inorganic phosphate, nucleotides, purines, pyrimidines, biosynthesis, degradation     

黑质升压和弓状核降压效应及二者间的机能联系

本工作用神经元胞体兴奋剂L-谷氨酸钠(Glu)注入箭毒化、人工呼吸大鼠的下丘脑弓状核(AR),引起血压下降,心率减慢;多巴胺(DA)受体激动剂去水吗啡注入AR和Glu注入黑质(SN)均产生升压和加速心率的效应,Glu(i.SN)效应可被DA受体阻断剂氟哌啶醇注入双侧AR阻断;从而证明:(1)AR具有降压、降心率功能;(2)黑质可通过AR内的DA受体对AR降压、降心率效应起抑制作用,而实现其加压、加速心率效应。     

在失血性休克兔中静脉注射高张NaCl溶液的升压作用

41只兔,用戊巴比妥钠(25mm/kg)静脉内麻醉。在10min内,动脉失血至平均动脉压(MAP)40mmHg,维持在这个水平30min,然后给予7.5％NaCl溶液或生理盐水,其量为失血量的1/10。静脉注射(n=6)和肱动脉注射(n=5)高张NaCl都引起MAP,脉压(PP)显著升高,心率(HR)加快。所有兔存活。静脉注射生理盐水(n=6),循环功能不能恢复,5只兔死于失血后的1—3h,另1只兔死于10h。两侧颈部迷走神经切断(n=12)不影响静脉注射高张NaCl溶液(n=6)的有益作用。所有兔存活。但静脉注射生理盐水(n=6),所有免死于失血后1—3h。肾上腺素α、β阻断剂不能阻断高张NaCl溶液升高MAP和PP的作用。这些结果表明,高张NaCl溶液对重度失血性休克兔有良好作用。这种作用与迷走神经完整与否无关。肾上腺素α、β阻断剂不影响这种良好作用。     

电针、吗啡镇痛和耐受时某些脑区线粒体结合钙的变化

采用 Tb~(3+)荧光探针和离子选择电极研究了电针和吗啡镇痛及镇痛耐受时,动物不同脑区游离 Ca~(2+)和线粒体膜结合 Ca~(2+)的变化。实验结果表明,电针和吗啡都有较强的镇痛作用,与此同时,导水管周围灰质和下丘脑的线粒体膜结合 Ca~(2+)升高。脑室内预注钌红,则能降低这两个脑区的线粒体膜结合 Ca~(2+)和痛阈。另一方面,在电针或吗啡耐受时,两脑区的游离 Ca~(2+)浓度增加,线粒体膜结合 Ca~(2+)降低。结果提示,神经细胞质膜内外 Ca~(2+)的移动可能在电针和吗啡镇痛中起某种调节作用。